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The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) is a trade union for journalists in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

John Ernest Lester was born on 27 September 1888 in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, to Robert John Lester and Henrietta Mary Lester (née Ritchie). The Lesters owned a grocery shop on the Ormeau Road, Belfast, and Seán attended the Methodist College in Belfast until the age of 14 when he began working for the Belfast & County Down Railway in Bangor. Due to being colour-blind, he was forced to leave his railway job and began a career in journalism with the unionist North Down Herald newspaper in 1905, where one of his colleagues was Ernest Blythe. In the next few years he would go on to work for several newspapers including the Dublin Evening Mail, the Dublin Daily Express, and the Galway Connaught Tribune. During this period, he developed an interest in Irish nationalism and politics, Lester joined the Gaelic League, and subsequently the Irish Republican Brotherhood in 1908 and Sinn Féin in 1909. It was around this time Lester changed his name to Seán. Lester was with Eóin MacNeill in 1916 when the Rising began and therefore did not take part in the fighting. He began working at the Freeman's Journal that year as chief reporter and then as news editor covering the ensuing significant years which saw the War of Independence, foundation of the Irish Free State, and Civil War.

Lester's friend and previous colleague, Ernest Blythe, who was by now Minister for Finance, suggested that Lester should join the Department of External Affairs, and thus in 1923, Lester took Blythe up on his suggestion and began working as Director of Publicity. He quickly rose up the ranks to the third highest position in the department, and in 1929, was chosen to act as Ireland's Permanent Delegate to the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland. Despite his reservations about his age (he took up his post at the age of forty), not being able to speak any languages other than English or Irish, or that he had never been abroad before, Lester quickly established himself as a diplomat of note in Geneva and worked towards getting the Irish Free State elected onto the influential League Council, which he achieved in 1930. His distinguished work for the Council and with various League committees in the following years led to his being seconded from the Irish service to the position of High Commissioner of the League of Nations in Danzig [Gdansk, Poland] in 1933.

As High Commissioner, Lester came under increasing pressure over the next few years to maintain the authority of the League of Nations in the region, as the Nazis gradually gained more and more power. Following an increasing policy of intimidation and undermining of Lester’s authority by the Nazis, which included placing guards around his house and questioning those who visited him, Lester was promoted to Deputy Secretary General of the League of Nations in Geneva and left Danzig in December 1936.

With the outbreak of the Second World War, Lester struggled to keep the League headquarters in Geneva running as its staff and resources were slashed, various sections were moved to Princeton, USA, and Montreal, Canada, and the pro-Nazi Secretary General, Joseph Avenol, resigned and left for Vichy France in August 1940. Lester then assumed the role of Acting Secretary General of the League, and courageously held out in Geneva with a skeleton staff and limited resources until the end of the war. At the final assembly of the League in April 1946, he was awarded the title of Secretary General, retrospective from 1940. His final task as Secretary General was to formally dissolve the League and dispose of its assets.

Lester returned to Ireland and retired initially to County Wicklow and then to Recess, County Galway, where he indulged his passion for fishing and spent the remainder of his days. He had received the Woodrow Wilson award in 1945 for his courageous service to the League of Nations during the war, and received honorary doctorates from Dublin University and the National University of Ireland in 1947.

Henry Morris was a writer and Irish scholar, born on 14 January 1874 in Lisdoonan, Donaghmoyne, Co. Monaghan, Ireland. Morris was a teacher and school inspector for the Department of Education, collector of 18th and 19th century Irish manuscripts, and involved in the revival of Irish language and antiquarian studies.

Anthony J Hederman was an Irish judge and barrister born 11 August 1921 in Naas, Kildare. He served as Judge of the Supreme Court from 1981 to 1993 and Attorney General of Ireland from 1977 to 1981.

Patrick McLoughlin joined the Garda Síochána in 1943, and served as Garda Commissioner from January 1978 to January 1983.

George Joseph Pearse Colley was born in Dublin on 18 October 1925. He qualified as a solicitor in 1948. From 1949 to 1954 he was a partner in Colley and Moylan solicitors, and from 1954 to 1965 practised as George J. Colley & Co. Colley became Fianna Fáil TD for Dublin North East in 1961. He was re-elected in 1965, for Dublin North Central in 1969 and 1973, for Clontarf in 1977, and for Dublin Central in 1981 and in the two general elections of 1982.) In 1964 Colley became parliamentary secretary to the Minister for Lands, and in 1965 became Minister for Education, and later minister for Industry and Commerce. On Charles Haughey's dismissal from the cabinet in April 1970 Colley became Minister for Finance (retaining responsibility for the Gaeltacht). He oversaw preparations for decimal currency and participated effectively in the negotiations surrounding Ireland's entry into the EEC. On Fianna Fáil's return to power in 1977 Colley became Minister for Finance and Tánaiste. That same year he chaired the boards of governors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund. Colley remained deputy leader following the party's narrow defeat in the June 1981 general election. After Fianna Fáil failed to win an overall majority in February 1982 he participated in abortive attempts to overthrow Haughey; he was refused reappointment as tánaiste, turned down the Department of Education, and retired to the backbenches. Colley had a lifelong commitment to the Irish language and Gaeltacht development; during his ministerial responsibility for the Gaeltacht he established Raidio na Gaeltachta. On 7 September 1983, Colley suffered a major heart attack. He received emergency surgery, but died 17 September 1983.

By Patrick Maume, Dictionary of Irish Biography (2009) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.001845.v1

Mark Killilea Junior was a farmer, auctioneer and politician, born 5 September 1939 in Tuam, Galway. He served as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála, a Member of the European Parliament and as a Senator on the Labour Panel of Seanad Éireann.

Brendan Daly was an Irish politician born 2 February 1940 in Cooraclare, Clare. He was a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for the Clare constituency, a government minister, and Senator on the Agricultural Panel and the Labour Panel in Seanad Éireann.

Clement Coughlan was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and school teacher born 14 August 1942 in Donegal. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann in 1980 as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for Donegal.

Seán MacBride, lawyer and politician, was born in Paris on 26 January 1904. MacBride spent his early years in France with his mother, Maud Gonne, and received his first education at the Jesuit college of St Louis de Gonzague in Paris. In April 1916 his father was executed for his part in the Easter rising in Dublin. MacBride was enrolled at the age of fourteen as a boarder at Mount St Benedict in Co. Wexford. He became a member of Fianna Éireann, the junior branch of the IRA, at the age of fourteen, and at the age of sixteen, having lied about his age, was admitted to the IRA itself during the Anglo-Irish war (Irish War of Independence,1919–21). He was invited by Michael Collins to accompany him to London for the Anglo–Irish treaty negotiations from October to December 1921.He remained a member of the IRA during and after the civil war of 1922–23 and became its chief of staff in 1936–37, severing his formal ties because he believed the 1937 constitution met republican objectives.

MacBride became a senior counsel in 1943. He continued to be counsel for the defendant in criminal cases, and he defended a number of IRA members. Shortly after the end of World War II he became immersed in active politics as one of the founders in 1946 of a new party, Clann na Poblachta, of which he was to be the leader. In three by-elections held in October 1947, Clann na Poblachta won two seats from Fianna Fáil, with MacBride himself being returned for Co. Dublin. As Minister for External Affairs he was involved in the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation and the Council of Europe and in the drafting of the Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom. MacBride was closely involved in the Irish application for financial assistance from the United States under the Marshall Plan designed to encourage European recovery in the post-war period. He was also the negotiator on behalf of the sixteen applicant nations. Early in 1957 the party withdrew its support from the government, and in the general election which followed (5 March) MacBride lost his seat (though Clann na Poblachta won three seats). He failed to be elected in two by-elections (Dublin south-central 1958 and Dublin south west 1959) and in the 1961 general election. He never stood for the dáil again. Clann na Poblachta was dissolved in 1965. MacBride had returned to practice at the bar in 1951 and appeared in a number of notable cases in subsequent years. He became the chairman of Amnesty International’s executive committee in 1961. In 1963 he left the bar to serve as the full-time secretary general of the International Commission of Jurists based in Geneva. MacBride died 15 January 1988, at the age of eighty-three.

By Ronan Keane, Dictionary of Irish Biography (2009) Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International license DOI: https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.005109.v1

Michael Woods was born in County Wicklow on 8 December 1935. He was elected to Dáil Éireann in 1977 as a Teachta Dála for Fianna Fáil for the Dublin Clontarf constituency. He served as Government Chief Whip, Minister for Social Welfare, Minister for Health, Minister for Agriculture and Food, Minister for the Marine and Natural Resources and Minister for Education and Science.

Dr Martin George Southcote Manseragh is an Irish politician and academic born 31 December 1946 in Working, Surrey, England. He entered the Department of Foreign Affairs, being appointed a Third secretary in 1974 and became a First Secretary in 1977. He worked for the Fianna Fáil party as Director of Research, Policy and Special Advisor on Northern Ireland. He was elected to the 22nd Seanad by the Agricultural Panel in September 2002. In 2007 he was elected as a Teachta Dála for Fianna Fáil in the Tipperary South constituency.

Dr Garrett FitzGerald, was born in Dublin on 9 February 1926. In 1950 he assumed responsibility for economic planning and transport scheduling within Aer Lingus. Between 1959 and 1973 FitzGerald lectured in economics at UCD, and was awarded a Ph.D. in 1969, with his dissertation being published by the IPA as a book, Planning in Ireland. FitzGerald stood for the Seanad as a Fine Gael candidate on the industrial and commercial panel. In 1969 he became TD for Dublin South-East and opposition front bench spokesman on education. In 1971 FitzGerald became Fine Gael spokesman on finance. He took a leading role in the campaign for Irish membership of the EEC, touring the country with the Labour Party spokesman, Justin Keating. After the 1973 general election a Fine Gael–Labour coalition government would be formed, Cosgrave appointed FitzGerald to the Foreign Affairs. After Cosgrave resigned following Fine Gael’s electoral defeat in the June 1977 general election, FitzGerald was elected as leader on 1 July 1977.
At the June 1981 general election Fine Gael gained sixty-five seats (compared with forty-three in 1977) and formed a minority coalition government with Labour (fifteen seats), and FitzGerald was elected Taoiseach, on 30 June 1981. At the subsequent November 1982 general election Fianna Fáil was reduced to seventy-five seats; Fine Gael secured seventy and Labour under Dick Spring sixteen, with the highest Fine Gael vote ever recorded (39.2 per cent). Labour reversed a recent conference decision not to enter coalition, and a second FitzGerald government was formed, but the need to placate Labour contributed to its limitations. Perhaps FitzGerald’s largest contribution to the subsequent Irish economic recovery came on the European level, with his significant role in insisting that the renewal of the European integration process under Commission President Jacques Delors, embodied in the 1987 Single European Act and paving the way for subsequent integration measures, must be accompanied by increased development funds to promote economic cohesion by developing the economies of the poorer member states. FitzGerald also negotiated favourable quotas for Irish agricultural produce despite pressure for European subsidy reductions.
The coalition government fell in January 1987, having lost its majority through the defections of individual Fine Gael and Labour TDs, when Labour ministers refused to support proposed budgetary cuts which the Dáil was unlikely to ratify. FitzGerald resigned as Fine Gael leader shortly after the election in March 1987 of a minority Fianna Fáil government led by Haughey, having stated in the Dáil that Fine Gael would support government measures necessary for economic recovery. FitzGerald left the Dáil at the 1992 election, supporting himself by journalism and consultancy work. Garret FitzGerald died of pneumonia on 19 May 2011 in the Mater Hospital, Dublin after a short illness. His research on primary education in early nineteenth-century Ireland was published posthumously in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy.

Source: Patrick Maume, Dictionary of Irish Biography (2021), https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.010020.v1

Seán Haughey, Irish politician, was born 8 November 1961 in Raheny, Dublin. Son of Taoiseach, Charles J Haughey, and Maureen Haughey (neé Lemass). He became a Senator for the Administrative Panel from 1987 to 1992. He has been a Teachta Dála for the Dublin Bay North constituency since 2016, and previously from 1992 to 2011 for the Dublin North-Central constituency. He previously served as Minister of State for Lifelong Learning and School Transport from 2007 to 2011, Minister of State for Adult Education, Youth Affairs and Educational Disadvantage from 2006 to 2007 and Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1989 to 1990.

Daniel Costigan was a civil servant and Garda commissioner.

James Ryan was an Irish politician and Teachta Dála (TD) for Wexford from 1918 to 1922 and from 1923 to 1965, with Sinn Féin until 1926 and then with Fianna Fáil until 1965. Ryan was Minister for Health, Social Welfare, and Agriculture during his policital career.

Seán McCarthy was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. McCarthy was a medical doctor before entering politics, and first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary South constituency at the 1981 general election

Mary Mulvihill (1959-2015) was an award-winning science journalist, broadcaster and author. Born in Dublin, Mary was awarded a degree in genetics in 1981 from Trinity College, where she was elected a Scholar in Natural Science in 1979. She obtained a master’s degree in statistics from Trinity College in 1982 and later completed a master’s in science communication from Dublin City University. A pioneer of science journalism in Ireland, she was also a passionate advocate of women in science and technology. Through her landmark publication, Ingenious Ireland (2002, 2019) she made a lasting contribution to our understanding of Ireland's scientific, ecological, and industrial heritage. Now in its second reprint, Ingenious Ireland earned Mary the Irish National Science and Technology Journalist of the Year 2002-03 award. She devised and presented several popular science series on RTE 1 and Lyric FM, and she was a longstanding contributor to the Irish Times, where she had a monthly column. As co-editor of Technology Ireland magazine, she also helped launch the careers of many young science journalists who followed her into the profession.

Mulvihill’s career in journalism followed four years as a research officer at the State agricultural research institute An Foras Talúntais, now Teagasc. She very soon found an unique way of writing and speaking that lent her work in print and in broadcast media a very particular style. Contemporary reviewers noted that she was assured and authoritative without being didactic or dogmatic. She had a learned curiosity of science that readers and listeners found inviting and engaging. Mary’s mission to highlight women’s role in science led to her joining in the formation of Women in Technology and Science (WITS) in 1990. Her particular interest in women’s historical contributions to science is reflected in her editing, on behalf of WITS, two collections of biographical essays on Irish women scientists and pioneers – Stars, Shells and Bluebells (1997) and Lab Coats and Lace (2009). In 2010 she started the science media company, ‘Ingenious Ireland’, to make more people aware of the country’s scientific heritage.

Part of this educational outreach was offering walking tours and audio guides to her native Dublin, as well as to national sites of ecological and archaeological interest. Mulvihill was also a member of the Irish Council for Bioethics, a council member of the Industrial Heritage Association of Ireland, and in 2014, she was named as one of Silicon Republic’s 100 Top Women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics). Mary Mulvihill died on 11th June 2015, following a short illness. In 2020, Dublin City University awarded her a posthumous honour for Outstanding Achievement in Societal Impact. She is survived by her husband Brian Dolan and her sisters Anne and Noirin Mulvihill.

Born in Stoneen, Co. Kilkenny on 4 August 1932. Primary education (Mungmacody and Thomastown), second level education (Coláiste na Toirbhearta, Mountmellick, Co. Laois). Employed in the Civil Service and then in RTÉ. Qualified librarian (FLAI The Library Association of Ireland). Honorary Doctorate 2002 (National University of Ireland). Publications: Beathaisnéis 1-9 (1986–2007) (in partnership with Diarmuid Breathnach).

Born in Kiltimon, Co. Wicklow on 5 August 1930. Primary education (Bray), second level education (Christian Brothers in Áras Brianach and in Dún Laoghaire). Started librarianship (The Library Council, Bray; Co. Kilkenny; RTÉ). FLAI (The Library Association of Ireland). Honorary Doctorate 2002 (National University of Ireland). Publications: Almanag Éireannach (1981); Almanag Éireannach 2 (2001); Beathaisnéis 1-9 (1986–2007) (in partnership with Máire Ní Mhurchú); Titim agus Éirí (2013). Translation: Lámhleabhar Ginearálta don Cheoltóir (1973) with Sr. Cecily OP.